Attention deficit disorder -recognition and managementAttention deficit disorder also known as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder or ADHD is a common problem affecting neurodevelopment seen in young children. As the name indicates the disorder is characterized by inability to pay attention to anything, hyperactive behavior and impulsive nature. The severity of the disorder tends to diminish as the child grows order, but mild disability may persist. It is very important to remember that children vary very widely in their behavior and many children often appear to be inattentive, hyperactive or impulsive. Parents should not jump to conclusions but discuss the issue with a pediatrician and then go for further evaluation if indicated. The exact cause of the disease is not known. Genetic predisposition is suspected, but it is unlikely to be due to abnormality of a single gene. Multiple genes may be involved. The features of ADHD are sometimes seen is patients with chromosomal disorders like Turner syndrome and Klinefelter syndrome through these disorders can occur without features of ADHD.
Trauma and infections of the nervous system, prematurity, neonatal problems like birth asphyxia leading to brain damage, fetal alcohol syndrome resulting from alcohol abuse during pregnancy are all associated with ADHD. Hyperthyroidism an endocrinal disorder can also cause ADHD. But in most of the affected children the cause remains unknown. Treatment: Treatment has to be individualized depending on which symptoms are dominant. Some children display more impulsivity and hyperactivity while others suffer from more of inattention. Behavior modification techniques may be useful and include consistency in daily activities, positive reinforcement. Care should be taken not to erode the self esteem of the child as these children are likely to develop inferiority complex. These children may benefit from the use of both visual and audio aids, for educational purpose. Some drugs have been found to be useful for treating this condition. Methylphenidate (Ritalin), dextro ausphetanine, atomoxetine. The first two can cause appetite syspression, loss of weight and sleep disturbances. Other drugs used are clonidine and guanfacine.
Page last reviewed on 24th November 2009
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